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Abstract of thesis |
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The analysis of endogenous economic growth may be subdivided into two broad
streams of theories. The main difference between these two groups rests
on whether a country is at the technological frontier. In less
developed countries (which are further from the technological frontier)
technologies can be adopted from abroad (Lucasian growth). Hence, their
human capital is used entirely to apply these technologies in the
productive process. As a country develops further (approaches the
technological frontier), it becomes increasingly difficult to adopt
technologies from abroad and, therefore, more and more of its own human
capital must be used to create new technologies (Romerian growth:
R&D). The remaining human capital is used to apply these new
technologies in the productive process. From this perspective it is not surprising that Japan moved from Lucasian to Romerian growth in the mid-twentieth century. In the first half of the century, Japan witnessed a strong growth of human capital. This led to a strong growth of the industrial sector and an increase in technological development which attributed to the switch to Romerian growth in the second half of the century. India and Indonesia, however, remained dominated by Lucasian growth. Not only was their per capita stock of human capital much lower than in Japan, but it was also less efficient. In addition, these countries were disadvantaged by their late economic development. It was no longer enough to employ enough secondary trained persons to generate technological development. Technological development started to take place at the level of higher education, a level where these countries had a relative disadvantage compared to more developed countries.
- Bas van Leeuwen and Péter Földvári, 'How much human capital does Eastern Europe have? Measurement methods and results,' Post-Communist Economies,Vol. 20 (2) 2008, pp. 189-201. - Péter Földvári and Bas van Leeuwen, ''Should less inequality in education lead to a more equal income distribution?,' Education Economics , Forthcoming, (pdf, 26 pp, 255 Kb). - Péter Földvári and Bas van Leeuwen, 'An Alternative Interpretation of "average years of education" in growth regressions,' Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 16 (9) 2009, pp. 945-949. - Bas van Leeuwen,'Wage differentials and economic growth in India, Indonesia, and Japan, 1800-2000', paper prepared for the conference Towards a Global History of Prices and Wages, 2004 (pdf, 45 pp, 496Kb) - Péter Földvári and Bas van Leeuwen, 'A magyar lakosság átlagos iskolázottságának becslése, 1920-2006,' Statisztikai Szemle (Hungarian Statistical Review),Vol. 86 (10-11) 2008, pp. 995-1010. - Péter Földvári and Bas van Leeuwen, 'Average years of education in Hungary: annual estimates 1920-2006,' Eastern European Economics,Vol. 47 (2) 2009, pp. 5-20. - Péter Földvári and Bas van Leeuwen, 'Capital accumulation and growth in Hungary, 1924-2006,' Acta Oeconomica , Vol. 61 (2) 2011 (Forthcoming). - Bas van Leeuwen and Péter Földvári, 'Capital accumulation and growth in Central Europe, 1920-2006,' 17 July 2009 (pdf, 27 pp 236 kb). - Péter Földvári and Bas van Leeuwen, 'Teljes termelési tényezo hatékonyság Magyarországon: történeti idosorok empirikus elemzése,' In: Kapás, J. (szerk.) Technológiai fejlodés és intézmények. Competitio könyvek , DE KTK, Debrecen, 2009. - Péter Földvári and Bas van Leeuwen, 'Educational inequality in Europe, 1870-2000 ,' 20 August 2010 (pdf, 35 pp 1, 655 kb). - Péter Földvári, Bas van Leeuwen and Jieli van Leeuwen-Li, 'How did women count? A note on gender specific age heaping differences in the 16th-19th century ,' Economic History Review , Vol. 65 (1) 2012, pp. 304-313. - Bas van Leeuwen, Jieli van Leeuwen-Li, and Péter Földvári, 'Regional human capital in Republican and New China: Its spread, quality and effects on economic growth,' 26 July 2011 (pdf, 18 pp, 527Kb). - Péter Földvári, Bas van Leeuwen and Dmitry Didenko, 'Central planning, economic growth: a theoretical and empirical application on the USSR and Central Europe ca. 1920-2000,' Paper presented at the workshop on Eastern European economic development, Groningen November 2011. (pdf, 17 pp, 470Kb). - Péter Földvári and Bas van Leeuwen, 'What can price volatility tell us about market related institutions? Conditional heteroscedasticity in historical commodity price series,' Cliometrica , vol. 5 (2) 2011, pp. 165-186. - Péter Földvári and Bas van Leeuwen, 'Markets in Ancient Societies? The Structural Analysis of Babylonian Price Data,' Paper presented at the Workshop “The efficiency of Markets in Pre-industrial societies: the case of Babylonia (c. 400-60 BC) in comparative perspective” , Amsterdam 19 – 21 May 2011 (pdf, 24 pp 240 kb). - Bas van Leeuwen, Péter Földvári, and Reinhard Pirngruber, 'Markets in pre-industrial societies: storage in Hellenistic Babylonia in the medieval English mirror ,' Journal of Global History , vol. 6 (2) 2011, pp. 169-193. - Bert van der Spek and Bas van Leeuwen, ' Quantifying the integration of the Babylonian economy in the Mediterranean world using a new corpus of price data, 400-50 BC. ,' In F. de Callatay and A. Wilson (eds.), Long-term quantification in ancient history (Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming). - Péter Földvári and Bas van Leeuwen, 'Risk aversion and storage in pre-industrial economies: from Babylonian times until the industrial revolution,' Paper presented at the Workshop “The efficiency of Markets in Pre-industrial societies: the case of Babylonia (c. 400-60 BC) in comparative perspective” , Amsterdam 19 – 21 May 2011 (pdf, 21 pp 551 kb). - Péter Földvári and Bas van Leeuwen, 'Comparing per capita income in the Hellenistic world: the case of Mesopotamia ,' Review of Income and Wealth , (Forthcoming). - Joost Huijs and Bas van Leeuwen, ' Climate, War and Economic Development: the case of Babylon,' Paper presented at the Workshop “Immigration and Economic Growth” , Amsterdam 13 – 24 June 2011 (pdf, 25 pp 681 kb). - Bas van Leeuwen and Péter Földvári, 'The Development of inequality and poverty in Indonesia, 1932-1999,' version 3, 10 December 2009 (pdf, 38 pp, 266 Kb). - Steve Broadberry, Bruce Campbell, and Bas van Leeuwen, 'English Agricultural Output 1250-1450: Some Preliminary Estimates,' 3 June 2008 (pdf, 47 pp, 464Kb). - Alex Apostolides, Steve Broadberry, Bruce Campbell, Mark Overton, and Bas van Leeuwen, 'English Agricultural Output and Labour Productivity, 1250-1850: Some Preliminary Estimates,' 26 November 2008 (pdf, 61 pp, 484Kb). - Steve Broadberry and Bas van Leeuwen, 'British Economic Growth and the Business Cycle, 1700-1850: Annual Estimates,' 25 November 2008 (pdf, 49 pp, 250Kb). - Gareth Austin, Joerg Baten and Bas van Leeuwen, 'The biological standard of living in early nineteenth-century West Africa: new anthropometric evidence for northern Ghana and Burkina Faso,' Economic History Review , (Early view). - Bas van Leeuwen and Jan Luiten van Zanden, 'Persistent but not consistent: The growth of national income in Holland 1347–1807 ,' Explorations in Economic History , (Early view). - Joerg Baten, Péter Földvári, Bas van Leeuwen, and Jan Luiten van Zanden, 'World Income Inequality 1820-2000 ,' 3 August 2009 (pdf, 22 pp 271 kb). - Péter Földvári, József Gáll, Daan Marks, and Bas van Leeuwen, 'Indonesia’s regional welfare development, 1900-1990: new anthropometric evidence ,' 25 April 2010 (pdf, 25 pp 272 kb). - Steve Broadberry, Bruce Campbell, and Bas van Leeuwen, 'English medieval population: Reconciling time series and cross sectional evidence ,' 27 July 2010 (pdf, 43 pp 1,355 kb). - Péter Földvári, Bas van Leeuwen, and Jan Luiten van Zanden, 'The contribution of migration to economic development in Holland and the Netherlands 1510-1900 ,' Paper presented at the Workshop “Immigration and Economic Growth” , Amsterdam 13 – 24June 2011 (pdf, 12 pp 755 kb). - Bas van Leeuwen and Péter Földvári, 'Economic mobility in a colonial and post-colonial economy: the case of Indonesia ,' Paper presented at the Workshop “Colonial Extraction in the Netherlands Indies and Belgian Congo: Institutions, institutional change and long term consequences” , Utrecht 3 – 4 December 2010 (pdf, 26 pp 693 kb). |